{"id":11140,"date":"2026-04-09T09:54:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T06:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/esfarayen-county\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T09:26:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T05:56:54","slug":"esfarayen-county","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/esfarayen-county\/","title":{"rendered":"Esfarayen County"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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– Political geography of Esfrain city:<\/h4>\n

Esfrain city is located in the southeast of North Khorasan province and is bounded by Bojnord city from the north, Shirvan city from the northeast, Faruj city from the east, Jajarm city from the west, and Razavi Khorasan province from the south and southeast. This city with an area of \u200b\u200babout 5345 square kilometers has 2 cities, 2 districts, 7 villages and 150 villages. The population of Esfrain city in 1390 is estimated to be 12,7012 people. <\/p>\n

– Natural geography of Esfrain city:<\/h4>\n

Esfrain city is located in the southern slope of Aladagh mountains and south and west of Shahjahan mountain. In the south, there are lower mountain ranges including the Jogtai Mountains. The main residential centers of the plains include Esfrain Plain and Safi Abad Plain. Despite this, settlements have also been formed in some open valleys. In general, the climate of Efrain city is moderate with cold to mild winters. In the northern areas of the city, due to the presence of inter-land branches, the climate is mild in the mountains, and in the southern areas of the city, due to the proximity to the desert, the summers are hot and dry and the winters are cold. <\/p>\n

– The historical background of Efrain:<\/h4>\n

The city of Esfrain has an ancient history and the remains of settlements from pre-history to the Islamic period all over this city show the dynamic culture of this region in the history of Iran. Prehistoric sites and hills in different parts of this city, such as Toi 1 and 2 sites, Engirli, Chehl Dukhtar, as well as settlements such as Erdaghani camp, which all belong to the prehistoric period, show the active presence of the region in the prehistoric arena of Iran. In the historical period, especially in the Parthian and Sasanian periods, the city of Esfrain has always been considered as one of the important provinces and it has been mentioned many times in historical and geographical texts. The great dispersion of Parthian and Sasanian period works in this area is proof of the prosperity of this region during that period. In the Islamic period, Esfarayn was particularly prosperous and flourished even more due to its location on the route of the caravan on Neishabur to Gorgan. The reflection of this flourishing can be witnessed in the abundant scattering of the works of the Islamic period in this city, the mention of the name of the region in ancient historical sources and the emergence of famous figures from this land during the early and middle Islamic centuries. <\/p>\n

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City of Belqis<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 4497<\/p>\n

Location: 3 kilometers south of Esfarayen city <\/p>\n

The city of Belqis is the remains of the ancient city of Esfrain in North Khorasan, which was formed from the first centuries of Islam and lived there until the end of the Safavid period and the beginning of the Qajar period, and in other words, it has more than a thousand years of Esfrain’s history in its heart. Balqis city has the full conditions and characteristics of an Islamic city and has different parts including citadel, Sharistan and various urban facilities such as bazaar, mosque, etc. The citadel of Balqis city is the most important and representative work of this ancient complex, which can be called as one of the largest adobe structures in Iran. This large adobe and layered structure has an area of \u200b\u200babout 51,000 square meters, which was once protected by 29 towers of different sizes. There is a wide moat around the citadel, which makes it more difficult to penetrate the citadel. Other works can be seen in the area of Hesar city (Sharistan), which are: 1- The tomb of Sheikh Azari, a poet and mystic of the 9th century Hijri, which is located in the northern part of Sharistan, 2- The bazaar in the middle part of the city, including the market and the economic parts of the city, which is located between the hill of Manar in the south and Sheikh Azari in the north. The place of the mosque is in the Islamic era, parts of which have been explored by archaeologists. In addition, two other important buildings are located outside the fence of Balqis city but near it: one is the Caravanserai building known as Old Rabat in the northwestern part of Sharistan of Balqis city and the other is a complex known as Yakhdans located in the southwestern part of the historical city of Esfrain. <\/p>\n

Archaeological excavations in Balqis city started in 2006 with speculation to determine the area and boundaries of the city and have continued continuously until now. The excavations of Balqis city have led to the discovery of exquisite cultural-artistic works, including all kinds of pottery and dishes, coins, pottery kilns, the remains of a mosque and a water tank, and other works that together paint a clear picture of the history of this ancient city. The artefacts obtained from Balqis city are displayed in the large archeology museum of the province in Bojnord. <\/p>\n

Carrying out archaeological studies and excavations led to the introduction of Balqis city and the explanation of its cultural importance and led to the establishment of the cultural heritage base of Balqis city in 2008. Since this time, Balqis city base, in parallel with archaeological excavations, has carried out restoration activities in different parts of the city, especially the restoration of the citadel and the tomb of Sheikh Azari, and has extensive plans to identify and introduce this valuable ancient heritage. <\/p>\n

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Ancient sites in 1 and 2<\/p>\n

Registration number in the list of national works: 16973-16974<\/p>\n

Location: Esfrain city – 500 meters south of Tui village <\/p>\n

The ancient sites in 1 and 2 are considered to be among the oldest settlements in the Esfrain Plain, whose history of settlement dates back to the Copper-Stone Age to the Middle Islamic Ages. A castle was built on the remains of previous settlements in Tui area from the prehistoric period to the middle of the historical period, which, due to its special location, played an important role in controlling the commercial arteries on the Silk Road. After the abandonment of this area, 2 similar castles were built nearby in the area, which were active until the middle Islamic centuries. <\/p>\n

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Saluk Castle<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List:<\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, <\/p>\n

The historical building of Saluk Castle is a fortress on the southern front of the Saluk Heights, which dates back to the 6th-7th centuries of Hijri and has been mentioned in various historical texts. This fort is built on top of a single rock with precipitous walls that make it very difficult to conquer. Inside the castle, there are remains of various facilities such as food and grain storage, bathhouse, mill, prison and the residence of the castle commander and other people, which together make the area of \u200b\u200bthe castle more than one hectare. Saluk Castle is one of the most prominent military castles of the Islamic period in North Khorasan, in terms of its size and very difficult location. <\/p>\n

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Tomb of Imamzadeh Ahmad ibn Ali Musa (AS)<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 5947 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, 7 kilometers south of Koran village <\/p>\n

The building of Imamzadeh Ahmad Bin Musa near Kuran village was built with a rectangular plan measuring 29 meters (along east to west) and 19 meters (along north to south). This building consists of a dome house, two halls or eastern and western naves and four porches in the main directions. Also, there are six rooms on the sides of the porches and the west side of the dome, which are known as Chalehkhaneh. The dome of the house is the main space of this mausoleum, which is located in the center and its roof is covered with a separate double dome. This building is built with bricks and plaster and lime mortar, but in the lower part of the walls, up to the plinth, rubble stone is used, which is hidden under the plaster coating. In some places, you can see paintings and decorative works with gilding on the coating. In some parts of the old wall, there are traces of Persian and Arabic inscriptions, including poems and relics. Examining the inscriptions in the building, including the inscriptions on the tombstones, the inscriptions on the wooden doors, and the inscriptions on the plaster walls indicate the Safavid period, but the accuracy of the architectural details shows that the construction of the building was done in an older date and probably in the Ilkhani or Timurid period. <\/p>\n

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Tomb of Baba Qudrat<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 11052 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, west of Dehneh Ojaq village <\/p>\n

The shrine of Baba Qadrat was created in the Dashkand style of architecture and all its constituent elements were dug in the heart of a natural hill. The general plan of the building consists of three main parts, including an entrance on the east side, a rectangular hall, a series of stairs at the end of the corridor, and a square dome. The dome is of a continuous two-layer type and is made of crushed stone and half-cut ketch. All the roof and floor of the building are left natural and are made of conglomerate, except for the dome of the house, which is completely covered with plaster and in its various parts, there are decorations in the form of geometric patterns or verses of the Quran and hadiths written in blue. <\/p>\n

The entrance is in the form of a long porch with a semi-circular arch, which is built with brick and cement materials and is about 5 meters wide. This porch was added to the tomb building by the endowment and charity department in the last decade and did not exist in the past. Based on old photos and quotes from local people, in the past, the entrance to the tomb was in the shape of the opening of a natural cave and its height was as high as a human’s height. After the entrance, there is a rectangular hall with a width of 30.4 meters and a length of 40 meters, which has niches on its sides. There are 4 niches on the southern wall of the hall and 2 niches on the northern wall. Apparently, these ledges are completely new and the result of the interventions of the endowment department, and before these interventions, there were actually side corridors in different parts of the main corridor. The entrance to the building is on the eastern side of the hill, which leads to a large canal with a steep slope. There is a series of aqueducts on the edge of Masil and Mazhar, which supplies the water needed by the adjacent shrines. Some researchers consider the owner of this tomb to be “Darvish Hossein bin Muhammad and the builder of Koran’s mausoleum”. <\/p>\n

This building does not have a specific characteristic or dateable index, and it is only possible to point out its double dome architectural style, which is somewhat similar to examples of the Ilkhanid and Timurid periods, although it is possible that the history of the construction of the main corridor of the shrine dates back to the pre-Islamic period. In spite of all these, the dates of 1373 and 1376 AH can be read from the inscriptions and poems written on the walls of the dome of the dome, which are undoubtedly related to the subsequent interventions in the building that were made during the Qajar period. One of these inscriptions on the pediment at the entrance of the dome is read as follows: A pious man who seeks piety \/ You want white clothes and you want black \/ Mirza Muhammad Ali bin Haj Mirza Baqir…\/ year 1373 AH. <\/p>\n

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Tomb of Rashid al-Din Muhammad Bidwazi<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 2192 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, Bidvar Village <\/p>\n

Sheikh Rashid al-Din Muhammad Bidawazi (d. 866 AH) is one of the Sufi Sheikhs and the 21st pole of the Dhahabiyyah Kobrawieh dynasty. According to historical texts, he died in the year 877 AH and was buried in his hometown Bidawaz. A simple octagonal domed building was built on his grave with carcass stone and saroj. Each side of the building is 3.5 meters long and the total width of the building is 8.45 meters. The dome is built of hemispheres and is made of brick with a wooden coil that protrudes from the outer wall of the dome in the form of a poppy. The internal walls of the building are decorated with simple pediments, on which there is a plastered frieze in the form of a triangle at a height of 2.4 meters from the floor of the building, which goes around the walls, and then another row of pediments with an arched arch, and finally, under the skylights of the dome, at a height of 4.5 meters from the floor of the building, there is another row of similar plaster inscriptions. On the south wall of the mausoleum, there is a small altar with plaster decorations. In the decorative frame of the altar, verse 39 of Surah Al-Imran (Fanadte al-Malaika wa Ho Qaim Yasli fi al-Mahrab) is included, which has been lost. The inscription of Afrizha contains verses from the Holy Qur’an and greetings and greetings to the Fourteen Innocents, and in a part of it, the owner of the grave is identified by Muhammad Rashiduddin, the grandson of Sheikh Hammam and the great-grandson of Sheikh Ahmad Ghazali. <\/p>\n

The entrance to the building is on the west side, but originally there were two other entrances on the east and north sides, which are blocked today. In the past, the door and shrine of this mausoleum were made of round wood and beautifully inlaid, which has now been transferred to the museum. Today, a simple wooden door has been installed instead of the grave stone shrine and instead of the old inlaid door. <\/p>\n

The mausoleum shrine is made of walnut and plantain wood with dimensions of 130 x 193 and a height of 180 cm. It has inlaid patterns and inscriptions. The motifs used are often slimy and the use of geometric knots in the shape of suns and octagonal shapes. The door of the tomb is inlaid with the same method. The tombstone inscriptions are written in Nashk script, and the name of the master of the work is mentioned in it: “The work of master Muhammad bin Nizam, the servant of Dhul-Jalal wa Al-Akram”. The text of the second inscription in the upper margin of the shrine contains the names of the Most High and is as follows: Ho Allah Al-Dhi La La Ilah Il-Haw Hu Rahman Al-Rahim Al-Mulk Al-Quds Salam Al-Mu\u2019min Al-Himin Al-Aziz Al-Jibar Al-Mutakbar Al-Khaliq Al-Bari Al-Mussur Al-Ghafar Al-Qahar Al-Wahhab Al-Razzaq Al-Fatih Al-Alim Al-Qabd Al-Nar Al-Basit Al-Khafid Al-Rafi Umaaz Al-Mudzal Al-Sami\u2019 Al-Hakim Al-Adil Al-Tif Al-Khair Al-Halim Al-Azimim Al-Shakor Al-Ali Al-Kabir Al-Hafiz Al-Maqtadar Al-Hasib Al-Khalil Al-Karim Al-Mujib Al-Was\u2019 Al-Halim Al-Wudud Al-Majid Al-Baa\u2019th Al-Shaheed Al-Haq Al-Wakil Al-Wali Al-Wali Al-Hamid Al-Qayyum Al-Wahid Al-Wajd Al-Ahd Al-Samad Al-Qadir Al-Maqtar Al-Mukhtar Al-Awal and Al-Akhir Al-Zahir and Al-Batin and Al-Wali and Al-Mu\u2019taali Al-Tawab Al-Munaim Al-Munai Al-Munaqim Al-Ghafoor Al-Rahim Al-Malik Al-Mulk Al-Jalal and Al-Karam Al-Muqasat Al-Jaami Al-Ghani Al-Mughni Al-Mughni Al-Mu\u2019ati Al-Muna\u2019i Al-Wahdi Al-Nazar Al-Naf\u2019i Al-Nur Al-Hadi Al-Badi\u2019 Al-Baqi Al-Warth Al-Rashid Al-Sabur Al-Sattar. Namqah al-Zaif Muhammad bin Mohii year 881. <\/p>\n

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Tomb of Prince Mohammad Baghshajerd<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 5950 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, Baghshajerd Village <\/p>\n

It is a brick building with a rectangular plan of 9 x 11 meters, which is located in the residential context of Baghshajard village and near Mazhar Qanat of the village. The main plan is built in the four-story style, except for the eastern entrance, the other entrances have been blocked and turned into an archway. On the north side of the building, there is a set of stairs that allows access to the roof of the building. On the sides of the entrance, there are two cells, one of which is closed and one is open. The entrance leads to the dome through a porch about 3 meters wide. The porch of the building is covered with a semicircular arch and its entire interior is plastered. Above the entrance door of the building, a small arch is installed, the sides of which are plastered with the image of two deer and implicitly refers to the concept of “deer guarantor”. The dome of the house is a square-shaped space with dimensions of 20.5 x 20.5, which has been turned into an octagon with the help of four pillars on top, and a dome is placed on top of it. The height of the building to the bottom of the dome is 7 meters. The interior of the building is plastered and painted on the plaster with various plant, geometric motifs and inscriptions in ocher red, azure blue, and light green. The inscriptions mainly contain prayers and Quranic verses. In the upper part of the wall and on the frieze, “Ayeh Al-Kursi” is written on a lapis lazuli background, and at the bottom of it, there are various geometric fringes with plant motifs and prayers and pilgrimage letters. For example, on the southern entrance of the prayer building, “Ziyarat Jamia Kabira” is written in several rows on top of each other in horizontal parallel strips, a large part of which has been erased due to friction, installation of keys and electrical outlets, and other factors. This inscription is also written in thulth script on a lapis lazuli background and the surrounding inscription is written in ocher red. All the plaster lining under the dome is also decorated with beautiful plant motifs in the mentioned colors. Unfortunately, today, due to dampness and lack of care for the building, a significant part of the coating and beautiful paintings inside the building have collapsed, and if neglected, these decorations will be completely destroyed in the next few decades. The overall plan of the building, as well as the details of the interior decoration and the way of execution of motifs and inscriptions with natural colors, including blue azure, red ocher, etc., are similar in every way to the tomb of Imamzadeh Hamze Musa in the village of Dehneh Shirin. Both of these buildings are dated to the Safavid period according to the way of decoration, motifs, inscriptions and architectural style. <\/p>\n

The inscription “Ayah al-Kursi” on the frieze and a part of “Jiyarat Jamia” (In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful, Peace be upon you, or Ahl al-Bayt-ul-Nabwah, and the place of the Prophet, and the various Al-Malaika, the Mahbat al-Wahi, and the Mine of the Mercy, etc.) are written on the entrance piers in the third script, most of which have collapsed or are illegible.<\/p>\n

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Name of the work: Tomb of Imamzadeh Hamzah ibn Musa (Dehne Shirin) <\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 5151 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, Dehne Shirin Village <\/p>\n

The overall design of the building plan is very simple, consisting of a house dome and a porch on the southwest side. Each of the sides of the dome is 5 meters long and it is plastered from the inside, and all over it there are plant motifs, including Islamic motifs, Khatai motifs, and tangerine motifs, which are decorated with prayers and Quranic verses in different parts. In drawing patterns, yellow, blue, red, black and white chalk color are used in the background. In the entrance porch, you can see part of a human image and a deer, which may be the blessed image of Imam Reza and the trapped animal (deer guarantor). Tile work can be seen only in the front part and in the joists on the sides of the porch, which was created by “Haj Qayyum Memaar and Ustad Abbas Bana Sakanin Sabzevar” in the year “1348 Shamsi” based on the inscription. <\/p>\n

In different parts of the building, there are inscriptions containing prayers and surahs of the Quran. Inside the eastern arch, inside a large tranj, a part of the last prayer of Nad Ali Kabir is written in Tholut script, which is as follows: “Nad Alia Mazhar al-Ajaib Tajdeh Auna Lak fi al-Nawaib Kol Ham wa Gham Sinjali Bazamtak Benbutak Ya Muhammad Bulaytak Ya Ali”. In front of this inscription, there is another inscription in the Western Tafenma, which is different from other inscriptions in terms of color combination (yellow writing on a blue background of garlic with oil paint). The text of the inscription in this tranj reads: “Balgh al-Ali Bekmale Kashf al-Dji to Jamale Hasnat Jami Khasale Salu Alai Wale.” The year 1345 Tawheed. This inscription, which was written 85 years ago, is apparently the most recent writing and decoration among the motifs of this building. In addition to these, in the highest part of the walls, along the frieze, under the shelves of the walls, there are inscriptions of Quranic verses, including a part of verse 137 of Surah Al-Baqarah, “In the name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful, the Most Merciful of God, and the Most Merciful of God, and the Most Merciful of God, and the Most Merciful of All.” Next, in another parallel frame, Surah Hamad and then another verse from the Qur’an containing [….erased] Man Tahtaha Anhar Khaledin Fiha. All the inscriptions on the frieze are written in white thulth script on a blue background and are written around them in black script. The inscriptions inside the eastern and northern arches are written in white on a red background, and the western arch (which has a more recent version and inscription) is written in yellow on a blue background. <\/p>\n

In addition to these, the tiled frame of the front of the entrance porch, where the name of the owner of this tomb “Shahzade Hamzah bin Musa” is written in Nastaliq script, the names of the master craftsmen are mentioned as “Tile Karar Haj Qayyum Memar and Ustad Abbas Bana Saknin Sabzevar”. According to this inscription, it was probably restored in 1348. <\/p>\n

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Name of the work: Tomb of Sheikh Ahmad Zakir Ghorpani<\/p>\n

Registration number in the National Monuments List: 5906 <\/p>\n

Location: Esfarayen County, Gorpan Village <\/p>\n

In addition to these, the tiled frame of the front of the entrance porch, where the name of the owner of this tomb “Shahzade Hamzah bin Musa” is written in Nastaliq script, the names of the master craftsmen are mentioned as “Tile Karar Haj Qayyum Memar and Ustad Abbas Bana Saknin Sabzevar”. According to this inscription, it was probably restored in 1348. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Esfarayen County Esfarayen County – Political geography of Esfrain city: Esfrain city is located in the southeast of North Khorasan province and is bounded by Bojnord city from the north, Shirvan city from the northeast, Faruj city from the east, Jajarm city from the west, and Razavi Khorasan province from the south and southeast. This […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11140","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11140"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11143,"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11140\/revisions\/11143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nkchto.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}